Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Rape Is A Global Issue - 929 Words

â€Å"Was she really wearing that? No wonder he assumed she wanted it.† Everyone has heard this at least once. The trend of blaming victims for their own rape only justifies the rapist’s actions and help him avoid punishment. It leaves the victim feeling dead inside and traumatized. Rape is one of the worst crimes committed against women. Unfortunately, this hateful crime has been going on for years and persists. Rape has been a global issue. In order to address this crime, one must know what exactly rape is, who is getting blamed for it, and what the aftermath of rape is. Grussendorf describes rape as being â€Å"A electroshock to the human’s mind and body†. (1) When people hear the words domestic violence, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse, they often tend to lose sight of what they really means. Today rape comes in different forms. Rapists don’t only use their penis, but they also use their fingers, dildos, knives, broomsticks, and guns (Grussen dorf 2). In some cases the victims are murdered. Rape should be black and white; therefore, no means no. This is where consent comes in. Rapists don’t respect a woman’s consent. If everyone had a solid understanding of consent, then the rape rates would drop. Rape can also be prostitution. Many people don’t see prostitution as rape, but in some cases it is. Many prostitutes are runaways, drug addicts, or homeless. For most women, prostitution is their own choice, but just because they choose to do this does not mean their consentShow MoreRelatedProstitution Is A Profession For Victims Of Coercion, Human Trafficking, Physical, And Mental Health1396 Words   |  6 Pagesengaging in sexual activity with someone for payment (Merriam-Webster.com), and before this number can get any larger, someone needs to listen to the thousands of voices that are saying â€Å"no† to prostitution. There are an unimaginably vast number of issues this profession which don†™t just include the rights of male and female sex workers, but also concern the physical and mental health of the clients and service. Prostitution is a profession for victims of coercion, human trafficking, physical contactRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary H. Cooper s Article, Women And Human Rights1236 Words   |  5 Pagessocial punishments for, seemingly, minor infractions. This, unfortunately, is the circumstance many women face, as described by author Mary H. Cooper in the article, â€Å"Women and Human Rights†. The author’s purpose is to analyze whether or not the global anti-violence campaign is succeeding. Because Cooper’s knowledge of international governmental actions, she eloquently analyzes the successes and failures of the anti-violence campaign and its effectiveness in countries around the world. Cooper oftenRead MoreBlaming Rape Victims in the United States Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pagesblaming is most prevalent in circumstances of rape and other sexual assaults towards women. This stems from being a society that views women as lesser beings, as evidenced by unequal pay, under representation in the media, and an inadequate presence in government. When women are viewed as lesser beings and are not respected, violence against women prevails. The trend of blaming victimized women for the crimes committed against them exemplifies the broad issue of hatred towards the female gender in theRead MoreHuman Rights Gender Violence : A International Law Into Local Justice1223 Words   |  5 Pagesway in which local government complicates the issue of gender violence on a local level in regards to the norms that have begun to take shape on an international level. While internationally, a precedent on the manner in which gender violence should be approached has taken shape, it is rather difficult to assimilate these norms into local cultures as it may contradict the values and traditions of particular local groups. Sally Engle Merry tak es this issue and shapes her thesis: considering the importanceRead MoreI Am Not One Standard Belief1307 Words   |  6 PagesI am not one to limit myself of one standard belief. I believe that anybody could offer their opinion and change my whole mind set on an issue. Therefore, there needs to be a party that accepts change and new and fresh opinions on certain issues. My party name will relate with the definition of having multiple opinions on one or more subjects and develop in different directions, divergence. The beliefs that my party holds are subject to change due to the opinions and ideas of others. This party’sRead MoreEssay about Sexual Harassment among Canadian Women, Black and White991 Words   |  4 PagesProject: Rape and Rape Culture 1) What are the main ideas and/or issues of the article as it relates to the chosen topic? Welsh et al. (2006) used data from the research focus groups of Canadian women to discuss the issue of sexual harassment among Canadian women and how the white Canadian women, who are mostly heterosexual, define sexual harassment and rape (objective) versus how the women of color define their experience of rape and sexual harassment in workplace (subjective). According toRead MoreThe Congos Power Struggle with Belgium1276 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Congo is and was suffering from. The United Nations has dispatched soldiers to the Congo and formed the largest peacekeeping force in U.N. history, as efforts to combat these evil forces. The U.N. Security Council’s attempt to tackle wartime rapes in the 14 years that they have had a presence there is barely non existent. The people that suffer from this horrid epidemic are not from a particular ethnic group(minority) but all women that encompass that region, they are classified as their ownRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society Essay925 Words   |  4 Pagespolitically, economically, as well as socially. Globalization has shaped the independence of various nations, thus leading to worldly affairs based on a global level. Leading to trends in culture, security, and environmental change, which leads to different ideas exchanged from culture to culture. Whether it s, currency, goods, natural borders, or rape laws. Globalization has come to change the world as know today. For this reason, globalization has impacted many people and their cultures, in bothRead Moreecological model of health1211 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Applying the IOM’s (Institute of Medicine) Ecological Model of Health Abstract This paper discusses how IOM’s ecological model can be used to stop the AIDs pandemic which is a health issue globally. This is because the number of people infected with the disease has increased over the years, since the first case was reported. Statistics show that over 34 million people are infected globally. The disease has been declared a pandemic due to the effects it has caused globally. ThereforeRead MoreGender Based Violence Against Women1238 Words   |  5 PagesGENDER BASED VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: A CLOSER LOOK AT INDIA’S RAPE PROBLEM Background When the sex of a girl or a woman drives the infliction of violence towards them, it is regarded as a form of gender based violence (Heise et al., 2002). Violence against women, regardless of the form, can occur in various stages of the woman’s life (Murthy and Smith, 2010), and refers not only to physical and sexual acts of violence, but also encompasses verbal abuse, emotional torture, economic deprivation, and

Monday, December 23, 2019

Literature Review Job Design and Workforce Diversity...

â€Å"In the current business environment, what role do job design and workforce diversity play in attempts to improve individual and organisational performance?† Literature Review A significant number of ideas have been offered to explain job design and workforce diversity which impacts on individual and organisational performance in business environment at the present time (Yan, Peng, Franesco, 2011 ; Foss, Minbaeva, Pedersen, Reinholt, 2009). Improving and developing performance will lead to goal achievements for both individuals and organisations. Organisations should do job design together with workforce diversity in order to achieve final outcomes. Both job design and workforce diversity purpose to match employees with the†¦show more content†¦They further that after the workers get familiar with designed jobs they can feel more motivated with their works as a part of the achievement of organisation goals and as a result the employees performance grow up that assertively impacts the outcomes. Garg and Rastogi (2006) present the new idea of job design which is more systematic. First step is â€Å"performance analysis† which will help in describing and understanding in performance problems. Next, â€Å"root-cause analysis† which will identify causes of performance problems, â€Å"Intervention selection and design†, â€Å"implementation† and â€Å"evaluation†. Apart from the five stages, they also mention that leadership style is also important because leaders are the one that employees trust so they can motivate the performance of workers. In designed jobs, performance is get involve with every processes so that the main purpose of doing job design is to maximise performance outcomes in order to match the right people to the right positions. Designing jobs under focusing appropriate management strategies as internal organisation factors can help to create opportunities for career improvement, skill learning and creative abilities to employees. Job design can improve recruit performance, the organisation can get the person that mostly match with theShow MoreRelatedJob Design and Work Diver sity1463 Words   |  6 Pages HRM 502 Human Resource Management 1A : Literature Review Topic: Job design and workforce diversity play in attempts to improve individual and organisational performance Date : 25 August 2013 Introduction In the current business environment, human resource management (HRM) has become an important role for an organisation. HRM refers to the policies, practices, and systems that influence employees’ behaviour, attitudes, and performance (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, amp; Wright, 2010)Read MoreOrganizational Behaviorial Case Study4431 Words   |  18 Pagesin a secure manner. Adobe Systems is the leading provider of graphic design, publishing, and imaging software for Web and print production. The research for this paper shows Adobe Systems Incorporated commitment to its workforce and how this commitment leads to increased organizational performance. Adobe Systems Incorporated Problem Statement Adobe Systems Incorporated is committed to leveraging the  diversity of its workforce through a comprehensive  set of programs designed to encourage a wideRead MoreHuman And Its Impact On Organizational Performance Essay1655 Words   |  7 Pages1 Introduction Human recourse management significantly contributes towards the organisational performance, as performance of the people for an organisational goal is directly linked with the organisation’s performance; the more people contribute towards the goal, better the organisation perform towards its goals and aims (Tabassi and Abu-Bakar, 2009). According to Slotte et al. (2004) human resources perform many functions related to the organisational development, training, career development andRead Moreeffect of workforce diversity on employee performance in anorganization6665 Words   |  27 Pages EFFECT OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITY ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE IN AN ORGANIZATION (CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL BANK) SALAHDIN ALINOOR SHABURE BUS-1-4976-3/2011 RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE KENYA METHODIST UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF A BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION KENYA METHODIST UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER 2013 â€Æ' DECLARATION I declare that this research project proposal is my original work and has not been presentedRead MorePaper: Literature Review for International Recruitment and Selection3499 Words   |  14 Pages Literature Review for International Recruitment and Selection Introduction Setting up and expanding business operations in international markets gives rise to the need of hiring individuals from different nationalities and cultures. These individuals form a diverse workforce which brings a lot of challenges for the organizations in their recruitment, selection, and human development processes (Dowling Welch, 2008). Managing this workforce in an effective and efficient manner has become oneRead MoreAnalysis Of Existing Sherwin-Williams Performance Program.1624 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Existing Sherwin-Williams Performance Program In order for an organization to achieve long term success, it must consistently evaluate those plans and consider all of the organization’s entities and how they link together. By appraising the existing performance management process, it forces deeper analysis of the process, as well as its intended and unintended influences towards employees and the organization. Program Advantages This process is designed with the intent to identifyRead MoreHuman Resource Management Practices in Alcoa5075 Words   |  21 PagesIntroduction 4 4.2. Review of Literature 4 4.3. Recruitment and Selection in Alcoa 5 4.4. Findings and Recommendations 6 5. Learning and Development 7 5.1. Introduction 7 5.2. Review of Literature 7 5.3. Learning and Development in Alcoa 8 5.4. Findings and Recommendations 9 6. Reward Management 9 6.1. Introduction 9 6.2. Review of Literature 10 6.3. Reward Management in Alcoa 10 6.4. Findings and Recommendations 11 7. Performance Management 11 7.1. IntroductionRead MoreBenefits of Providing Incentives to Telephone Technical Support Staff3033 Words   |  13 Pages Improving telephone technical support staff’s performance in responding to customer queries via the use of incentive rewards Table of Contents Executive summary 3 1. Context and Industry Information 4 1.1 Context 4 1.2 Industry Information 4 2. Nature of the problem 5 2.1. The problem 5 2.2 Design of the research 5 2.3 Research approach 5 3. Review of the evidence 5 3.1. Source 6 3.2. Conceptual approach 6 3.3 Methodological approach 6 4. Findings and Implications 7 IntrinsicRead MoreInfluence Of Top Management Team Diversity On Performance And Corporate Strategies6187 Words   |  25 Pagesprocess in today’s world. Adoption of diversity by many firms is in the aim to gain competitive advantage from others. There have been different findings on the influence of Top Management Team diversity on performance and corporate strategies in the organizations. Some findings show that there is a significant relationship between Top Management Team and performance while others reveal there is no relationship. The study seeks to investigate the impact of TMT diversity on corporate strategies and theRead MoreThe Impact Of Diverse Top Management Teams On Corporate Strategies And Performance6426 Words   |  26 PagesTOP MANAGEMENT TEAMS ON CORPORATE STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE Dissertation Proposal Submitted to Northcentral University Graduate Faculty of the School of XXXXXXXX in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF XXXXXXXXXX by NAME Prescott Valley, Arizona Month Year Abstract The business landscape has been dramatically changed and overhauled by the globalization process in today’s world. Adoption of diversity by many firms is in the aim to gain competitive advantage

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Restoring Balance Lab Free Essays

Leo Tran IB Chemistry SL II R5 Ms. Crane January 4, 2012 Restoring Balance LAB Pre-Lab Questions 1. The solubility of iodine increases because the position of equilibrium has shifted towards the triiodide side of the reaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Restoring Balance Lab or any similar topic only for you Order Now Addition of the reactants causes an increase in the product which is directly related to the solubility of iodine in water in this case. 2. Ammonium chloride will be more soluble in hot water as in an endothermic reaction, increasing the temperature (which is the same as adding heat – one of the reactants) will cause the position of equilibrium to shift towards the products to compensate for the change. More products are a result of increased solubility of Ammonium Chloride with water when temperature is increased. Post Lab Questions 1. CoCl42- ions are present in this solution as they are blue colored and the color of the Cobalt Chloride solution was blue when we recorded the color and appearance of the solution. 2. Co(H2O)62+ ion was favored by the addition of water as it is pink colored and when we added water to the cobalt chloride solution, it became pink. This was because the amount of Co(H2O)62+ ions went up(more pink) to compensate or even out the change. Adding more products resulted in the position of the equilibrium to shift towards the reactant side making it favor the Co(H2O)62+ ions. 3. (a) CoCl42- ion is favored by the addition of hydrochloric acid and calcium chloride. (b) Cl- ion (c) When the stress (Chlorine from hydrochloric acid and calcium chloride) is added on the reactant side (more reactants), the pink color reduces and blue color increases. In other words, CoCl42- is favored to compensate for the change or minimize the stress. 4. A. Adding a species which appears on the right side of an equation will shift the equilibrium to the left side of the equation. B. Adding a species which appears on the left side of an equation will shift the equilibrium to the right side of the equation. 5. Since acetone attracts water molecules (decrease water molecules from the reaction) the reaction tries to create more water. Making more of the product, it naturally makes more of all the products which creates CoCl42- ions (blue in color), resulting in a blue color of the system of chemicals. 6. (a) Ag+ + Cl- – AgCl (b) The concentration of Cl- ions decreased as chlorine ions from the reactant side reacted with silver How to cite Restoring Balance Lab, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Social Inequality and Politics as Power for Political Science

Question: Discuss about theSocial Inequality and Politics as Power for Political Science. Answer: Many theorists have defined the term politics innumerable times over the centuries. Aristotle provided one of the first definitions of the term. According to him, politics is the natural tendency of humans to determine their position in the society, the attempt to instigate others to accept their opinions and the attempt to achieve overall wellbeing (Heywood, 2015). In the modern world, politics has assumed unimaginable definitions and power that has allowed both democrats and autocrats to mold the popular thinking. The essay will attempt to provide different definitions and explanations of politics and delve upon the different interpretations of the term over time. At first, the essay will provide the views of different political thinkers on politics. The essay will then focus on the definition of politics as power. Power as politics will be the main theme of the essay that will try to explain the politics behind social inequality. In defining politics as power, the essay will try to unearth the ways by which this power has contributed towards the issue of social inequality. In order to explain the role of power in politics, it is important to understand the concept of power. This assignment will also highlight and explain the concept of power and then analyze its role in resolving or escalating the issue of social inequality. Politics, as already stated, as been defined in numerous ways over time by different theorists. It is interesting to note that common people and people holding higher positions in the society have defined and interpreted politics differently. To a common citizen, politics is the abusive use of power by the ruling class whereas the ruling class saw politics as the way to exploit the working class. A better view of the term could be found through the definition given by renowned theorists. According to Johan Kaspar Bluntschli, politics is the science of watching the affairs of state, to fight for and understanding of the state and circumstances (Rosser, 2014). The theorist further define politics as the science, which tries to understand the state in its various forms or manifestations. Harold D Lasswells definition of politics in simple terms is the process of who gets what, when and how. This means that politics is the power sharing between people that depend upon the societal status (Durnova, Fischer and Zittoun, 2016). David Easton on the other hand defined politics as the authoritative allocation of values for a society. Easton is credited for introducing the systems theory into politics for the first time in 1953 (Easton, 2017). He attempted to combine science with politics in order to describe the patterns and processes of politics and its regularities in daily life. However, Lasswells definition has been widely accepted as the most apt explanation of politics. The contemporary theorists had a slightly different view of politics who considered it to be the philosophy that guides the modern nations. As per the views of David Held, the contemporary theory of politics occupies four different meanings. First is that politics is concerned with the normative and conceptual framework. Second is the view that politics is empirical. Thirdly, it is concerned with the study of the political concepts in a historical context and fourthly, politics is strategic that is, it concerns itself with the viability of being at the present position and the moving to a desired position. The following sections shall focus on the power relation of politics. The common notion amongst theorists or one can say, the underlying meaning of politics has always been associated with power. In the words of Kahler (2015), power in politics is possessed by those who have great network of people. In the book Networked politics: Agency, Power and Governance, the author talks about the networks that comprise traders, bankers and others across boundaries that hold power to change the politics of any nation or organization. Before going further into the topic, it is important to understand the concept of power. Power as numerous interpretations according to the field in which it is studied. In scientific terms, power relates to the ability of humans or any object to possess the energy to work. Power could be mechanical, electrical or technical. However, in terms of politics, power refers to the ability of certain individuals or groups to influence or control the behavior of others. Authority is the term that has been mostly associated with power in politics. Some people are said to be authorized to exert their decision on a wider populations. Authority thus refers to the right of an individual to exert power on a population or group of people based on his or her position in the society (Mailath, Morris and Postlewaite, 2017). Authority however has to be legitimate to consider it as the positive use of power. If authority is not legitimate as in case of dictatorship, power is used to fulfill the self-int erest of an individual. Therefore, it is important to understand the legitimacy of power and its use in resolving universal issues. When there is an unequal distribution of natural and other resources in the society, it is termed as social inequality. People who have been segregated as the backward class in any society face social inequality. Social inequality happens when an individual or group of people is denied the basic rights to education, livelihood and even the right to live (Cushing et al. 2015). Now, people may argue as to who carries out such activities that disallow a certain class of people the right to live as per their comfort. The answer to this is the people who possess the power to do so. The power might be a result of religious supremacy, gender supremacy, caste or ethnic supremacy. During the pre-World War era, social inequality was most strikingly visible in countries that had supremacy over the world. These included the United States, the United Kingdom and other European nations (Grinin, Korotayev and Tausch, 2016). Politics then was mostly about colonizing the weaker regions in order to gain maximum territorial power. Social inequality was at its peak in countries where the British Empire was ruling and in the USA where the African-American community were denied social rights. In the decades that followed, power began to shift from one side to the other through the realization of power itself. The examples are in abundance where the role of power shifted to give rise to a new kind of social inequality. In the South Asian nations like India, the British possessed the power to control the lives of the larger population. Although the Indians outnumbered the British, they still controlled the country for almost two hundred years with the power of politics. Ineq uality in every sphere beginning from civil services to the basic human needs like eating and living in humane conditions was denied. When the country was freed and it had its own people at the power positions, a different kind of inequality surfaced (Tyler, 2015). The people faced social inequalities in terms of caste and religion. Therefore, it is evident that power had a big role to play in the birth of social inequality and its gradual change. As time passed however, the presence of inequality in the society seemed to diminish slowly but gradually. As Goddard and Nexon (2015) point out, power politics in the contemporary world has been identified by the growing conscience of the so-called less powerful citizens towards social inequality. Earlier, unequal treatment to the politically, socially and economically weak people used to be carried out openly but now, the situation has changed. Inequality persists but it has taken a very different form. Unequal treatment to the politically less powerful nations like the South Asian nations in international organizations like the UN confirms this fact. In the UN, nations like the U.S. and the UK are given prominence in the decision-making process for other weaker nations because of their dominance in the global political sphere (Jolly, 2016). Power in politics can be explained through this decision-making process. Steve Lukes first introduced the three dimensions of power including power as decision-making in his seminal work titled Power: A Radical View (Dowding, 2006). The other two dimensions include power as agenda-setting and power as thought control that shall be discussed in the later sections. Decision-making power may be explained as the capacity to persuade decisions that affects both private and public life of an individual. It has mostly been observed that within the decision-making sphere, women are given least importance. This leads to social inequality based on gender. During the 1990s, women had less than 15% representation in the houses of parliament across nations whereas the figures for women heads of state in countries were limited to only 12. However, with the rise in power of women as equal social beings, this inequality was reduced but at a very slow rate. In 2015, womens representation in the house s of parliament went up to 22% while the number of heads of state went up to 19 (Unstats.un.org, 2018). These statistics showed that the power gained by women in the decision-making process witnessed a good progress. The decision-making power can also be understood through the functioning of governments in many countries both democratic and dictatorships. In countries like North Korea, social inequality is the most prevalent as the militarily and politically powerful dictator Kim Jong Un possesses the ultimate power to make even the basic decisions for people like what books should they read or which movies should they watch (Barry, 2016). After analyzing power as decision-making, it is important to understand power as agenda-setting. Now, agenda-setting is a theory that explains the ability to influence the significance put on the issues concerning public agenda. Bachrach and Baratz were the first theorists who introduced this concept of power (Baratz and Bachrach, 2017). Mostly, agenda setting power is vested in the media that uses this power to bring forth the topic in the public sphere that least concerns the people. Here also, the inherent power rests with the ruling class that exerts its power on the media and compels it to hide the controversial issues from the public eye. Social inequality is an issue that is inherent in almost every nation and using this agenda-setting power, the powerful class manages to subdue it. The voices of the deprived class remain unheard. The third and the most influential dimension of power is thought-control. According to Lukes, real power is when someone is able to control the thought of another individual in such way that the other individual does whatever that someone wants him to do. The powerful class transforms the powerless class in a way that the powerless class obliges the orders of the powerful class without showing any coercion or opposition. Power as thought-control forces the weak individual to accept his or her special status thinking that this is what she or he deserves. The agenda-setting power of Bachrach and Baratz has been rejected by Lukes because he believes that power is not when someone manages to come out victorious from a conflict situation. Power is demonstrated when someone manages to prevent the rise of any conflict. Social inequality is a conflict situation and to make it a situation or a thought that has no significance is the power that most governments in the past have done (Abadie, D iamond and Hainmueller, 2015). To conclude, it can be stated that social inequality is an evil that has been suppressed for ages in most countries with the use of power politics. The essay provided an explanation of politics and its interpretation by different theorists. Politics can be said to be the mechanism by which governments rule their subjects and take care of their needs. On the other hand, politics can also be defined as the instruments of power by which the powerful ruling class forces the weaker class to surrender to the powerful class. The essay elaborated on the use of politics as an instrument of power by which the problem of social inequality has been suppressed. In the essay, the three dimensions of power have been explained as well. Further, the use of these dimensions of power to suppress the voices of the weaker class against the unequal status in society has been elaborated. References: Abadie, A., Diamond, A. and Hainmueller, J., 2015. Comparative politics and the synthetic control method.American Journal of Political Science,59(2), pp.495-510. Baratz, M.S. and Bachrach, P., 2017. Two Paces of Power. InParadigms of Political Power(pp. 118-131). Routledge. Barry, M.P., 2016. On a US President meeting Kim Jong UN: the importance of senior-level engagement.International Journal on World Peace,33(3), p.79. Cushing, L., Morello-Frosch, R., Wander, M. and Pastor, M., 2015. The haves, the have-nots, and the health of everyone: the relationship between social inequality and environmental quality.Annual Review of Public Health,36. Dowding, K., 2006. Three-dimensional power: A discussion of Steven Lukes' Power: A radical view.Political studies review,4(2), pp.136-145. Durnova, A., Fischer, F. and Zittoun, P., 2016. Discursive Approaches to Public Policy: Politics, Argumentation, and Deliberation. InContemporary Approaches to Public Policy(pp. 35-56). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Easton, D., 2017. The condition of american political science. InBehavioralism in political science(pp. 22-37). Routledge. Goddard, S.E. and Nexon, D.H., 2015. The dynamics of global power politics: A framework for analysis.Journal of Global Security Studies,1(1), pp.4-18. Grinin, L., Korotayev, A. and Tausch, A., 2016. Kondratieff waves in the world system perspective. InEconomic Cycles, Crises, and the Global Periphery(pp. 23-54). Springer, Cham. Heywood, A., 2015.Political theory: an introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. Jolly, R., 2016. 23. Inequality: a historical issue within the United Nations System.World social science report, 2016: Challenging inequalities; pathways to a just world, p.118. Kahler, M. ed., 2015.Networked politics: agency, power, and governance. Cornell University Press. Mailath, G.J., Morris, S. and Postlewaite, A., 2017. Laws and authority.Research in Economics,71(1), pp.32-42. Rosser, C., 2014. Johann Caspar Bluntschli's Organic Theory of State and Public Administration.Administrative Theory Praxis,36(1), pp.95-110. Tyler, I., 2015. Classificatory struggles: Class, culture and inequality in neoliberal times.The Sociological Review,63(2), pp.493-511. Unstats.un.org, 2018.POWER AND DECISION-MAKING. [online] Available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/downloads/ch5_power_and_decision_info.pdf [Accessed 30 Apr. 2018].

Monday, November 25, 2019

Enlightenment Thematic Essay essays

Absolutism/Enlightenment Thematic Essay essays The Enlightenment was a time of greatness and advances in European History, but it can also be argued as a time of turmoil and destruction. During this time in European history, many great philosophers, or thinkers, thought of new ideas and methods of governing and social interactions to increase the prosperity of people. These ideas changes the way people felt about divine right authority by showing that individuals are born with inalienable rights. Arbitrary punishment was a problem during the reign of monarchs. Torture and suppression of ideas were a constant threat for both the philosophers and the citizens. A philosopher named Beccaria believed that reason could be used in determines the type and severity of punishment of a person. This was later used in the US Bill of Rights. Because of Beccarias idea, torture was reduced and abolished in Europe and North America. Another proposed reform was freedom of thought and expression which was one of the freedoms philosophers by the name of Voltaire fought for. Since his voice was constantly being suppressed by the monarchs, he proposed freedom of thought and expression, which later proved to play a vital part in the US Bill of Rights and the French Declarations of the Rights of Man and Citizen. In the US Bill of Rights, freedom of speech was influenced a great deal by this one idea by Voltaire. Consequences of the ideas of these two philosophers ultimately caused the development of the English parliament. A very big problem experienced thought Europe was a lack of equality for women. A philosopher by the name of Mary Wollstonecraft proposed a reform for womens equality. These ideas came from the standards that women possessed during the times; women should be wives and mothers, no more and no less. Because of this way of thinking, womens education and rights was given a low priority. Many people, both men and women attempted to reform this. This caused the crea...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Professional Sports Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Professional Sports Teams - Essay Example A good example is the US where the National Basketball Association (NBA), Major Baseball League, and the National Football League (NFL) are a major source of attraction and income for the country (Dobson & Goddard, 2011:206). Commercialization of sports follows the principle of economic of profit maximization, and it is with such understanding that economists have taken a keen interest of evaluating sports club and franchises owners’ objective and their influence on regulations and structure of leagues. This paper seeks to analyze the objectives of team owners and the impact they may have on the regulations and structure of professional sports leagues. From an economic standpoint, professional team sports are a form of enterprise, the owners of the teams being the entrepreneurs and the game being the product. The customers are the fans supporting these teams, while the players and the coaching staff are the inputs (Mayhew, 2003:79). Professional players and athletes earn milli ons of dollars per season, with team prices shooting past 500 million dollars (for Washington Redskins and New York Jets). With such huge figures, professional sports teams have been organized into sealed leagues with the identity and number of competitors being fixed by the league members themselves, thus the influence of the league by the owners of these teams (Masterlexis & Hums, 2011:295). Figure 1: Graph showing one-year change in total value of football clubs in the US (emphasis on New York Jets and Washington Redskins). Retrieved from http://www.data360.org/dsg.aspx?Data_Set_Group_Id=1358 Unlike other contemporary economic sectors principle of monopoly, success of the professional team sports relies on extreme competition between the teams. The more competitive the game, the higher the ticket charges as well as the attendance, resulting to higher profits. The implication of this fact is that teams with consistent unbroken winning streaks become common and boring. This has led to the formation of leagues that manage and organize games with the aim of eliminating unfair competition in the sector (Rodney, 2004:25). These leagues have become so popular, going past the country’s border and spreading over the world. Prime examples include the Premier League in English football, La Liga football league in Spain, Super Bowl baseball league in the US, and NBA basketball league in the US (Kern, 2000:101). These leagues are multi-billion dollars ventures that contribute significantly to the GDP of their respective countries. Players’ drafts, salary caps, roster limit, and player trading restrictions govern the labor market of professional sports. Gate collection sharing, collective sale of television broadcasting rights, and joint merchandising limit economic competition in the product markets. These agreements apply to such leagues like the ice hockey, baseball, basketball, and American football. These agreements are based on the economic principles of profit maximization, which is often the objective of the professional team owners (Melicher, 2011:9). Team owners in Europe and the US have always deferred in objectives, with the paradigm of profit maximization dominating the North and non-profit making objectives, like maintenance of winning streaks, being a more embraced approach in Europe. In the economy of sports, the objectives of team owners, and the controlling leagues is important, considering the monopolistic nature of the league enterprise. The issue of profit

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Marketing Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing Case Study - Essay Example The push strategy involves manufacturers selling to the customers directly rather than through retailers. For the guard strategy, the product categories should have a loyalty that is low towards the brand. The substitutes in the market should be acceptable by the customers. This is a strategy by Keyman’s and Guard. Launching of new products is efficient using the push strategy. The plan is essential where there is no planning of the product to purchase. The customer needs to be knowledgeable about the product. There is consideration of the current situation of the business in terms of working and business scenario. There is also consideration of the sales figure of past periods, where more money is given for promotion for projects that show high sales figure from the past so as to increase sales. Department that build many products should be given more promotion money than small product departments to enable them tab the whole market. Promotion money is given depending on the level of competition the product in question is facing. Thus, the more the competition, the more the money given to ensure the product competes favorably. In the introduction of new products, there is allocating promotion money on the bases of all it can afford. This is to avoid losses that arise due the product, not picking up in the market. In case of short term sales, there is less promotion money to that product. To increase distribution, more promotion money should be given to ensure that the product is able to get customers and maintain the current customers. In giving cash for promotion, there is a reduction in the budget of other products so as to favor other products, which require promotion. To stimulate trial, money should be given. This is because the product requires money for promotion because it is already in the market. It is essential to first test the market before introducing a

Monday, November 18, 2019

An aspect of small business management and development through case PowerPoint Presentation

An aspect of small business management and development through case study based on a . Entrepreneurship and small firms - PowerPoint Presentation Example common that a business creation model will be made up of the planning phase, implementation phase, the completion phase and closure phases (Tourish, 2010). In line of the current presentation, the planning phase is going to be given a lot of emphasis. Part of the planning or pre-implementation phase is the allocation of decisions to start up the business as well as the different ways in which different people go about the starting of their businesses. It has been said that depending on the decision that surrounds an entrepreneur’s quest to start a business, different rates of successes are going to be experienced at the implementation because the decisions influenced motivation to drive along with the business a great deal (Bovee, Thill & Chaturvedi, 2008). Business creation process may be defined or explained as the specific tasks that entrepreneurs undertake in their bid to start up businesses in an identified locality (Canary, 2011). For Alternative Publishing Ltd, the business creation process was different from Lawton Dancewear in the way in which research and development were fused into the business creation process. Partly attributable to the background of the two groups of entrepreneurs involved, they were different approaches towards the business creation process as Majid an Suhail with their educational backgrounds and appreciation of the fact that they did not have much knowledge in the area they were venturing into undertook a lot of research as part of the business creation process. Though Mrs. Holland did some research, it was not detailed and was not about business creation. The former also worked extensively on marketing since they had the realisation that they did not have a ready market and needed to do marketing all by themselves. Mrs Holland seemed to have ready market from the demand from friends and so did not do much marketing at the business creation phase. Between the two case studies, there are key similarities and differences that

Saturday, November 16, 2019

The Effects Of Using Cartoon Videos

The Effects Of Using Cartoon Videos Using multimedia is more and more useful in teaching and it has been applied as teaching materials for language teacher. Audiovisual method helps language learners not only understand what they hear but also improve their vocabulary, pronunciation. To encourage the development students listening comprehension, audiovisual materials with subtitles were supposed a powerful pedagogical tool which can help improve the vocabulary learning of second-language learners by Fazilatfar, Ghorbani L. Samavarchi (2011). The main purpose this paper investigates teaching method of using audiovisual material as cartoon videos with subtitles and this paper is a survey to get results of the effect of using cartoon videos with Vietnamese subtitles to develop English listening skill of first years students at Quang Trung technical college in Vietnam, who are fifty students of low-level of English. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the variety of educational technology offers language teachers more opportunities when they select materials as multimedia or electronic to teach students the target language in the classroom (Shiao-Ling Tsai, 2011). Cartoon videos with subtitles are kind of useful and important audiovisual materials in teaching/ learning the second language. Also, cartoons have supposed a potentially valuable contribution in teaching by Van Wyk (2011) and they have visually impacted all students immediately without discrimination of age or background, are able to respond in some way to the educational point being made. Indeed, Cartoon videos with subtitles are kind of useful and important audiovisual materials in teaching/ learning the second language. Using educational cartoon videos with subtitles can attract students attention, so develop the students motivation on listening skill and effect of vocabulary acquisition on listening skill. The purpose of listening comprehension, the student must understand what good listening comprehension entails and understand meaning of the dialogue, so vocabulary learning was often consider to be of paramount importance (Taiwei Wu, 2008). To understand the importance of subtitle towards vocabulary acquisition and improve listening skill through watching cartoon videos/ audiovisual materials, many teachers help students how to get that. In a research of a group of authors as Abdolmajid Hayati and Firooz Mohmedi (2011) expressed that acquisition of various types of language properties may be acquired by watching subtitled television programs, which may use to be improvement in the ability to discern separate words in the flow of spoken language, word pronunciation, and proficiency in constructing correct sentences. However, in the other line this group of researches has also supposed more and more English a foreign language (EFL) teacher have begun to use movies in their classes at different levels. But the teachers of English Were sometimes in a dilemma whether they should show a  ¬Ã‚ lm with or without subtitles and in what language and, above all, which way will bene ¬Ã‚ t their students most in relation to listening comprehension. This means that the vocabulary plays role as language subtitles are very important in development of listening skill. Many researchers have ever carried out on audiovisual materials/ cartoon videos with subtitles on listening comprehension/ listening skill of language learners and many important finding have figured out. However, with the latest researches that can relate much with this research paper, and they were found strong points to inherit and weak points to study for the best knowledge of this paper for contexts of language students in Vietnam. Also, the researcher of this paper takes up the issues and conducts study in order to determine the role of Vietnamese subtitles in language learning and teaching for low-level of first students at Quang Trung technical college. In other words, the aim of study would like to find out what of method is likely to be more effective in developing English listening skill for low-level students. With relevant articles, which researcher of this paper found out to answer the following sub-research questions? What are the effects of cartoon videos with Vietnamese subtitles on vocabulary acquisition? How can the language teachers use cartoon videos with subtitles effectually in teaching English listening comprehension? LITERATURE REVIEW Many researchers have ever studied about many aspects of audiovisual material on listening comprehension/ listening skill. However, among these, the researcher of this paper find out some researches that relevant to the effect of subtitling on vocabulary acquisition and the support of subtitle on listening skill through watching cartoon videos. The subtitles effect on vocabulary acquisition. In the research of Shiao-Ling Tsai (2011), He recruited participants as 65 children of Taiwanese fifth graders from 2 classes at elementary school in Tai Chung. All of them have learned English for two years at least and have been taught by the same English teacher at school during research. The participants were divided into 2 groups with one English-subtitle watching the English cartoon videos with English subtitle and one non-subtitle watching the English cartoon videos without English subtitles for 20 minutes each lesson. After three-month course ended up, the post-test was conducted to test the students English listening comprehension with following interview results : While viewing the video, 50% of students of the English-subtitle group and 90% of the students of the non-subtitle group worried that they may not understand what the characters said. 80% of the students of English-subtitle group and 90% the students of the non-subtitle group said they paid attention when they vie wed the video. 70% of the students of the English-subtitle group and also 70% of the students of the non-subtitle group thought that they may not understand the content of the video without Chinese subtitle. 70% of students of the English-subtitle group and 100% of the students of non-subtitle group responded they guessed the meanings when they did not understand what the characters said. Besides, Shiao-Ling Tsai remarked that most of the English-subtitle group students were excited while they watched the videos and learning attitude seemed better than that of the non-subtitle group. In summary, from the research of Shiao-Ling Tsai, there was the effect of vocabulary acquisition in watching cartoon videos through using subtitles or not subtitles. Understanding the content of cartoon videos or not which is criticized by cartoon videos with subtitles. Those mean that vocabulary acquisition to be provided through cartoon videos. In addition, one more evidence which persuaded that the subtitles effected on vocabulary acquisition. In the research of Fazilatfar, Ghorbani and Samivarchi (2010),The effect of standard and reversed subtitling versus no subtitling mode on L2 vocabulary learning, the researchers of this study writing had found vocabulary scores of participants who watched the movie in subtitling condition were higher than without subtitles. The researchers of this study carried out studying with 100 Iranian EFL learners, who had studied English as a compulsory course during their junior high school and high school. Moreover, they were enrolled at a private English center called Oxford institute presently and also had finish the Intro level of Interchange Third Edition series and had started the Interchange 1 level. Then, the5-minute-long episode of an animated cartoon was selected for the experiment with following three groups: Group A (non-subtitling) included those participants who watched the movi e with original sound track and without the subtitles, Group B (standard subtitling) watched the movie in a foreign language (English) in sound track and native language (Persian) in subtitles, and Group C (reversed subtitling) watched the movie with foreign language (English) in subtitles and native language (Persian) in sound track. After watching, the test results of the tests administered were analyzed by three form tests namely 1.form recognition, 2.meaning translation, and 3.multiple-choice. With the form recognition test, scores in the reversed subtitled (C) condition were higher than in the standard subtitled condition (B), and scores those in the standard subtitled condition (B) were relatively higher than in the non-subtitled condition (A); with meaning translation test, the results were suggested that the participants in the reversed subtitled condition (C) outperformed those in the standard subtitled condition (B), and the participants in the standard subtitled condition (B) outperformed those in the non-subtitled condition (A). Finally, with multiple-choice test indicated that: lexical gains in the reversed subtitled condition (C) were higher than those in the standard subtitled condition (B), and lexical gains in the standard subtitled condition (B) were higher than those in the non-subtitled condition (A) One study by Abdolmajid and Firooz (2011) focused on 90 students with the average age 22, who were chosen from a group of 200 juniors and seniors majoring in Teaching English as a Foreign Language on the basis of their scores on the English language pro ¬Ã‚ ciency test at Islamic Azad University of Masjed Soleyman in south west of Iran. They were divided into three groups randomly to watch film with English Subtitle Group (ESG), Persian Subtitle Group (PSG) and Without Subtitle Group (WSG). After 6 weeks researchers of this writing conducted experimental research, results hade collected from a multiple-choice comprehension test in each section of day, which was administered in order to evaluate their listening comprehension and provide grounds for comparison. Besides, results had been also collected by the final test of viewpoints about the effect of subtitled and/or non-subtitled  ¬Ã‚ lms. By score results, researchers of this writing supposed that students had learned not onl y vocabulary through the English videos with English subtitles but also getting more benefit through English videos subtitled in Persian. On the whole, the researchers were found above, which refer for this writing the cartoons videos with subtitles effect on vocabulary acquisition. The research papers forwarded videos with subtitles or without subtitles, and subtitles in the first language (L1) or the second language (English-L2). The researcher of these writings recognized that the effects of videos with subtitles are not only on listening comprehension but also on vocabulary acquisition by their subtitles. Such as in the research The effects of viewing subtitles of English cartoon videos on Taiwanese fifth graders English listening comprehension was written by Shiao-Ling Tsai (2011), Chinese subtitles in English cartoon video also help students in listening comprehension and reminiscence vocabulary. Besides, English videos with Persian subtitles (Fazilatfar, Ghorbani and Samivarchi , 2010) help students to understand meaning vocabulary and improve listening comprehension better , this is consistent with the consider ation by Abdolmajid and Firooz (2011). From these reasonable considerations, the researcher of this paper judges that cartoon videos with Vietnamese subtitles effect on vocabulary positively with students of low-level English in Vietnam. Cartoon videos with subtitles are used effectually in teaching English listening comprehension. The use of cartoon videos with subtitles appropriately with context/ circumstance and object of learners is much benefit in teaching listening comprehension. Language teachers are suggested to consider the benefit of using captions when teaching listening skills through video viewing (Jing-mei Chung, 1999), which could not only make comprehension of authentic video less difficult and encourage conscious language learning but also increase students interest in maintaining or increasing their knowledge of the target language by promoting new lexicon in a appropriate context. Moreover, the video programmes with English subtitles would motivate students to improve their listening comprehension more than other programmes but watching a film with L1 subtitles, which made them understand the film better was claimed to be suitable for beginners because of the limited rang of vocabulary items Abdolmajid Hayati and Firooz Mohmedi (2011). The suitability of context with object of learners as children was through research of Shiao-Ling Tsai (2011). In this study, Taiwanese fifth graders were chosen to research about the effects of viewing subtitles of English cartoon videos on listening comprehension. And the kind of English cartoon videos were not only suitable and interesting videos for children as The Ant Bully, The Wild, Valiant, The Incredibles, and Flushed but also educational morals of contents. Subtitles and vocabulary were simple because of suitable cartoon videos styles that made language learners, as children seem to be motivate and interesting in watching. However, the results had acquired on listening comprehension through watching cartoon videos with subtitles and without that was difference. On the contrary, Paul Markham (1999), he chose participants who were advanced, uni- versity-level ESL students participated in the study. They were intensive English language students who represented fifteen differen t first language backgrounds. With 2 two excerpts from educational television programs as whales and civil rights, but both of them were approximately of equal difficulty and the syntactic complexity of the captions. Thus, to use of cartoon videos in suitable object of learners and context on listening comprehension, this is important for teaching language. In addition, In a study of Jing-mei Chung (1999), the research was carried out to study on 183, 17 to 19 year-old, 4th year non-English major students of technology school, in Taiwan. With the circumstance, these students were chosen in the random circumstance and in low-intermediate of English proficiency. Besides, the training of their English listening was neglected in long time, and the students environment is surrounded by mother tongue. The two episodes were chosen to view which was one of school material videos caption, Family Album, U.S.A.: Book I, is Basic English and improvement of learners. Jing-mei Chung collected the results from multiple-choice test and open-ended attitude questionnaire and considered that most students mentioned video captions in the target language and in their mother language. And he also judged caption in target language making propitious condition for students listening comprehension. However, using video captions in the circumstance of crowded stu dents and irregular English listening are not very effectively. The method of Researches and research findings The latest researcher used many ways in their research methods in order to find out the best findings in teaching Language listening comprehension through videos with caption/subtitles or cartoon videos with subtitles. The first, in the study about the effect of applying two techniques to video viewing of Jing mei Chung (1999) who used Multiple-choice test and survey Open-Ended attitude questionnaire in his researcher to analyze so that he brought out findings of using advance organizers and captions. And these findings were suggest to do benefit more than using one technique only in teaching listening comprehension for students. The second, by analysis of results with quantitative and interview method through the research The effects of captioning videos used for foreign language listening activity of Paula, Susan, Tetyana (2010), which they researched on 150 foreign language learners from a large Midwestern university in the USA with 2 times of watching videos (with no captioning and with captioning). The finding, which they found out to be listening twice to a video, could reduce listeners anxiety, activate selective and global listening strategies, and promote automaticity in processing of listening. The third, Abdolmajid Hayati and Firooz Mohmedi (2011) used Multiple-choice tests only to evaluate the results through a pilot study with 90 Iranian students who were at average age 22, studying Islamic Azad University of Masjed Soleyman. Based on results of score of 3 groups (English Subtitle Group, Persian Subtitle Group, Without Subtitle Group) after watching a documentary film, which help them to find out the finding for research title: The effect of  ¬Ã‚ lms with and without subtitles on listening comprehension of EFL learners. The results demonstrated that students listening comprehension would improve through video programmes with English subtitles more than the other programmes. But because of students limited range of vocabulary items, watching a f ilm with the mother tongue language was supposed to be suitable for beginning learners. To summarize, in order that the English learners develop listening comprehension for language learners in Vietnam better, various strategies of teaching and learning through subtitled materials need to be chosen appropriately, such as English cartoon videos with Vietnamese subtitles will create learners more easily understanding of content than without subtitles. Moreover, watching L1 subtitling videos/ L1 subtitling cartoon video may help student acquire vocabulary or improve English words easily, this is suitable with English learners in Vietnam, specially, for elementary English level of learners. Limitation of the latest researches and appropriateness for the context of language learners in Vietnam The purpose of this research paper is finding out the effects of audiovisual materials such as cartoon videos with subtitles on development of listening comprehension for the second language learners (English language learners), and limitation of research contexts or research materials and research of relevant researches that suggest whether they will be appropriate application with this paper or not. In one study of the use cartoons with subtitles so that teaching vocabulary (Fazilatfar, Ghorbani and Samivarchi, 2010), which researchers made a pilot study of watching cartoon videos in three conditions: without subtitles, English dialogues with Persian subtitles and Parisian dialogues with English subtitles. These researchers only paid attention to vocabulary acquisition through subtitling-video, without mention listening comprehension, though achievement of listening comprehension. Additionally, learning through cartoon videos with subtitle to develop one field of English for specif ic such as English listening comprehension of economics of Van Wyk (2011), he only mentioned that how the videos with subtitles helped major students of economy had the best way of comprehension about the context of nations economy. Perhaps this method should use for teaching specific English. Besides, using educational cartoon videos with subtitles about animals in development of listening comprehension (Shiao-Ling Tsai, 2011; Paula, Susan, Tetyana (2010), vocabulary acquisition and their contents were limited for one subject matter as animals, thus listening comprehension did not uphold to other subject matter, such as communicate English. Circumstances of language students of Quang Trung technical college are low-level of communicate English. English is not supposed important in students thought in their future, so they do not have much motivation to study but that is not judicious awareness because English is an international language that becomes indispensability for everyone. Moreover, their English, which they were taught in secondary schools and high schools before was Basic English with writing and reading comprehension better than listening and speaking comprehension. So their listening comprehension is rated weakly. With the purpose of development listening comprehension, the research of this paper would like to use English cartoon videos with Vietnamese subtitles to help them study better. Therefore, the research methods are relevant above, which may help the writer of this paper in references of appropriate findings for writing paper of methodology. Conclusion In conclusion, many researchers studied about the effects of videos with subtitles on listening comprehension of second language learners and they have also come up important findings that help teaching methods of language teachers better in the epoch, which English is international language. By the reference of relevant researches, the researcher of this paper summarized some of findings of the latest researchers in order to approach those findings in bringing into play of research method. However, for object students study communicate English, who are at the age of 16 to 22 year-old, selecting of kind of appropriate cartoon videos with Vietnamese subtitles and time length of viewing so that conduction is good for findings in methodology of this research paper.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

William Morris: Influences of Naturalism in His Life and Works Essay

The main driving element in William Morris’s life has been the nature around him and the houses he lived in. The most prominent influence was the Kelmscott Manor. Therefore, I chose to go with Kelmscott Manor’s layout plan that exhibits the â€Å"inspirational garden â€Å" that led to most of his design decisions, a map that depicts the pockets in the manor and how Morris was inspired by it. In addition to this, an original drawing of the Kelmscott Manor’s exterior that depicts how the manor amalgamated within the garden. To reinforce this, I picked a watercolor of the Kelmscott Manor and a photo that captivates the various perspectives of the garden in the manor. Moving on to his designs that interprets his love for nature I picked up the very first of his wallpaper design of the trellis that has a very naturalistic touch to it with the vines which seemed to be an extension of the â€Å"inspiration garden† on to the paper. Also chose one of the wallpapers he designed during the middle of his lifetime and one of his last designs as well. The underlying concept behind picking those was to outline the consistency in his design concept throughout his life. William Morris was a poet , whose poetry and compositions were also inspired by nature, and to depict his poetry in form of naturalism concept I picked a stance from one of his compositions that talks about forest, flora and fauna which directly ties to his underlying concept. Also the compositions he wrote always had engraved borders which was ... ...an picking the artifacts. Although I did learn about William Morris and his designs in my history classes I learnt about the concept behind his design decisions and in depth analysis of Morris’s evolution as a designer only when I started working on this exhibit. It is imperative that you do research before arriving on any decision in regard to putting up any exhibit. Furthermore after analyzing the different options, it is imperative that you have facts to back up your decisions of the artifacts chosen. Every artifact that you pick for your case should have direct relation to your concept and it should be consistent among all artifacts. Overall a lot of thought should be put into the exhibit and the concept must reflect the ideas distinctly.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Internal marketing Essay

Internal marketing is of much importance to an organization. For any organization to thrive, it must focus on the efficiency of the marketing plan. The internal marketing plan within a firm fosters the company’s employees and all its staff members to being customers of the products that they produce. When employees of an organization purchase the products that they produce, they attract external markets since the public out there will realize how important the products are to them, as much as to the employees. Members of staff are seen as both suppliers of the goods and also the customers of the products. This plan helps in strengthening the firm to employee relationship. When the firm management relates well with the employees, they are in a way motivated hence quality services will in turn be provided to the customers. Customers will be retained within the organization, thus enabling the company achieve a competitive advantage. It will be in a position to increase its sales according to the rampant growing demand. Also, the company will increase the process of profit making. In essence, efficiency in internal marketing allows for efficient external marketing efforts (Kotler & Armstrong, 2009). A good internal marketing plan usually has distinctive features. For instance, it should create a culture that enables it to outstand over the vast competitive markets. It is achievable when workers are encouraged to be creative and innovative, responsible and accountable. Employees should be given a chance to exploit their abilities and also to act in capacity as accountable leaders. The plan should also articulate equity, fairness, recognition and motivation of outstanding performers. Employees should not be treated according to their rank position, race or gender. This has been a major setback to development hence it should be avoided by all means. It should also accommodate room for furthering the employees’ skills and knowledge. By fairness, an organization and its staff at large are encouraged to practice and embrace it. For example when someone close dies, support should be provided to his family. The organization can effectively deal with this issue through setting aside emergency funds (Ahmed & Rafiq, 2002). Coca cola as a company has embraced the use of internal marketing plan within its organization, and this has seen it stand still and strong despite the competition offered by Pepsi company which is as well a manufacturer of soft drinks. The company has been strategically managed and thus its products have been wide spread, not only in the United States but also to the rest of the world. It has adopted the use of the 7ps of marketing. The 7ps involves Product, Place, Price and Promotion, Physical Environment, People, Process. Product shows what the company produces and supplies to its vast markets. Examples of such products are sprite, coke and fanta, which mainly dominate the company’s markets. Place indicates the actual placement of the manufacturing firm. Currently, manufacture of coca cola products have been spread all over the world. Price is the most important aspect of marketing. The company is supposed to regulate the prices through the advice of senior sales representatives. It is the marked price that determines the number of customers an organization will have. Customers should be made aware of the recommended retail prices of the beverages produced. This is usually done so as to discourage the intermediaries from exploiting the customers. When goods are overpriced, the organizations competitors might take advantage of this to take away the customers. Coca Cola Company has taken an initiative of inscribing the products recommended prices in the bottle tops, thus preventing occurrence of inconveniences. In marketing, promotion enables the people to know the kind of products the company produces and also gives them a reason why they should purchase them. Promotion activities are crucial because it is the determining factor whether the business will stand or fall. Physical environment also plays an important role in marketing. The surrounding and the way people domiciling around where a company intends to establish its market agrees to allow the sales agent carry out its activities determines the business marketing future. People may be very hostile; hence the business may fail to establish its markets. The processes actually portray the channels a product passes through before being delivered to the end consumer. This may again involve how the consumer will handle the product. The employees of this company are given responsibility to manage brands through efficient marketing and also given priority to lay down achievable business strategies (Drake, Gulman & Roberts, 2005). Managing directors of the company are spread all over the world and the company entrusts them to establish reliable distribution channels, the targeted consumers and the marketing tools that boosts the firms’ sales. To ensure that it earns huge profits, the company has increased its sales employees and surely this act has enabled it to be at the top rank in the annual ranking of the best brands in the world. Such sales agents of the company do put into consideration a good customer relationship. They have a sense of efficiency in responding to customers needs thus majority of the consumers are retained. To obtain its employees, the coca cola company carries out recruitments. For one to qualify as an employee, he/she must pass the exams administered to them by the company’s directors. Also, they are taken through series of interviews and questionnaires, and their competences checked against the requirements of the company. While interviewing, the managers poses questions related to risk management, time management, how to attend to problems and also issues that focuses on leadership skills. After the employees are hired by the company, they are fed with adequate information about the company. This includes how it carries out its day to day activities, its mission and vision. In addition, the organizations goals and objectives are clearly stated to them. This allows the firm management to work together as one with its employees with target of realizing the successful outcome of the company’s operations. Employees work output is usually measured in this company on yearly basis. They are rated according to how they have embraced the technology, how they have fostered a sense of leadership and also by how far they established a solid relationship with the consumers. In addition, their innovativeness is recognized and this is checked through analyzing how successful they have been in bringing the outsiders into the company. Their results in terms of making the company realize goals are normally detailed, and the outstanding performers motivated. This motivation can either take form of increasing their monthly pay, promoting them to higher ranks or even recognizing them by word of mouth. Employees who are deemed as less productive are taken through a probation training. After probation, they are again sent back to the field, and if by this time the company does not see any impact in their productivity, they are left with no option other than dismissing them (Palmer, et al. , 2006). Internal marketing has been of great benefits to the coca cola company. Despite encouraging its workers perform better, it has also allowed them to acquire knowledge on being responsible and accountable. The internal marketing has also enhanced better understanding of the organization in line with the business carried out. Employees have been motivated to offer goods of quality to their customers through appreciation of their outstanding performance. This plan has again increased the consumer retention capacity and also personal developments to its employees. Non marketers within the organization has also benefited since they have learned how to carry out their duties in manner-like marketing. To sum up, the internal marketing plan has linked the coca cola business culture, vision, mission and its stipulated strategies with the employees’ social needs (Varey, 2002). Behind every successful organization, their must be a chain of problems encountered by it. Depending on how the firm embraces and handles their problems, their success is determined. Not all the employees accept change. Some becomes rigid when it comes to embracing the changes in technology. Some employees have deemed the use of computerized systems as a way of narrowing employment opportunities. Such employees can be termed as being illiterate from the fact that computers helps much in keeping efficient and effective inventory of the company’s undertakings. The company has also been faced problems based on incompetence of managers, much emphasis being in the use of interpersonal, conceptual and technical skills. The rampant spread of social evils such as corruption all over the world has seen the company employ incompetent personnel who lack skills in management. To add, the employed persons within the organization have been portrayed as not only having a poor understanding of the concepts of internal marketing but also as ignoring the orders from the senior staff (Kurtz, 2008). This has been a major problem towards successful establishment of internal marketing plan. Conflicts among the employees and also within different departments have also been a problem. People usually fight over the promotion position have made the work of implementing an internal structure difficult. To the side of the organization, some subordinates ignore the employees and does not put into consideration their welfare. Because of this, employees have reacted to fight for their rights and thus this has been a hindering factor. The spirit of synergy has also been greatly compromised since some top members of the organization over protect important information against its workers. Since there is no trust, the organization is as well less likely to embrace the concept of internal marketing. To summarize, the organizations’ structure is in most instances rigid. It does not give room for frequent reviewing and thus this has affected the internal concept of marketing. As from the benefits discussed earlier on, it is unavoidably necessary to have an internal marketing plan. This is not only for the success of the business in its environs but also all over the world. Some of the tools that should be put into consideration in successfully implementing a good internal marketing plan involve encouraging employees to have frequent contacts with the human resource managers. The contact can be enhanced through use of e-mails, faxes, telephone services, newsletters and more reliably through physical contacts. This will encourage them to air their views about the welfare of the organization. Also, they will have a chance to openly air their grievances, more especially on the way they are handled as the company’s employees. This allows fast reaction and implementation of their needs in a proper channel. More field work should be encouraged between the employees and their manager. This will allow them to share views freely with their manager and also gain experience. Since managers are normally viewed as people with experience, fieldworks will allow the employees too mingle with their managers and in the process taking note of work should be carried out (Dunmore,2002). Meetings of all the members of staff should be scheduled within reasonable time duration, for instance a fortnight or a month. This enables the organization as a whole to see how far they have gone in accomplishing its goals and objectives. It also allows them, together with its employees to check on the possible areas that they might have gone wrong in its day to day operations. From here, possible solutions are discussed and carefully thought out strategies of implementation laid out. Changes in career paths are also deemed as a tool of successfully implementing the internal marketing. The employees get to rate themselves on how good they are in sales department. They can check their performance in conjunction with the efforts they put while at work. If they find that marketing is a little pit strenuous, they can pave way for other junior employees and opt for other jobs. Changes in positions should be provided for to those employees initially put on probation. This allows them to be motivated to take up new roles within the organization. In addition, this decreases instances of boredom since the employees are subject to transfers to various departments and place of work. This act boosts the employees’ morale because they will be in a position to see as being attached to the company than before (Beamish & Ashford, 2007). Internal marketing workshops and also leadership concept seminars should be embraced by the organization. The firm should encourage its employees to attend such seminars as it enables them gain skills that prepares them for future managerial positions. Such seminars also encourage mutual relationship within the organization. Positioning of the employees should be in conformance with the required qualifications. Social evils such as corruption should be avoided within the organization as this may impact negatively to the company. Such people hired through crooked ways are the ones to collapse the same company since they have gotten used to their bad habits.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

International operation management The WritePass Journal

International operation management INTRODUCTION International operation management INTRODUCTIONTASK 1APPLICATION OF THEORIES AND STRATEGIESCOST ANALYSIS OF CURRENT OPERATIONSOPERATION MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN PRODUCT DESIGN OPERATIONSMODULE 2QUALITY MANAGEMENTTASK 3CONCLUSIONBIBLIOGRAPHYRelated INTRODUCTION IKEA was founded by Ingvar Kamprad in the year 1943. It started as a small town Swedish furniture company that was founded on the principles low prices and good quality. This simple idea was able to transform the organization along with strategic management and excellent decision making. It now has over 250 stores and a presence in 30 countries. IKEA has become an international giant with whom local furniture companies have to struggle against. The fundamentals of the organization did not change drastically with expansion however the organization did adapt to the culture and practices in the host countries. The strategy was simple, give the people lower price compared to the peers, allow them to check the quality, do no compromise on the quality, save on costs from every possible angle and make them feel happy about the purchases they made (10 Keys to IKEA’s Low Prices, 2009). This made their brand strong and helped in vertical and horizontal integration and expansion. IKEA maintained strong ties to its home country. Its colors are a representation of the Swedish flag and its name is the initials of its founders name along with the initials of the town he was born in. The organization has used policies that have baffled researchers and lead to various analyst studying its reasons for success. TASK 1 APPLICATION OF THEORIES AND STRATEGIES When IKEA was first created, its owner had the vision of making it an international giant. He had started international meetings and proceeded for a quick expansion strategy of the organization. No other furniture company has had such an exponential growth in only a few years. First, it expanded from a small town to chains all over Sweden. This was not an easy task. The organization had no means of managing so many stores however through the excellent entrepreneurship of its founder, his strategy and global vision, the organization grew strong. The stores’ main concern would be to find ways in which they could decrease costs. They started with lowering electricity costs during day time by opening windows; they used energy saving lights and did not have a large profit margin in the start. They then expanded to Germany, France and other European nations. Once they expanded to other countries, they maintained the same policies and store strategies in every store. This was done th rough impeccable management practices, which further helped the organization open stores in other continents. IKEA’s business model became famous and the store called for publicity. Their process analysis and operational strategies are unique. All of their decisions have been successful and their management of inventory, staff and stores is one of the best in the world. IKEA used to purchase raw materials from manufacturers but after it expanded internationally, it started its own production company. This resulted in saving costs as well as making new designs reach the stores faster with the least amount of compromise on quality (Ikea: How the Swedish retailer became a global cult brand, 2005). They started economies of scale by starting a production company near its stores. These companies were generally located in areas where labor was cheap and it would be cheaper to ship the goods. They also used a very different style of marketing technique which concentrated on making people happy and reaching out on their base emotions. Most of the stores which sold products at lower prices were considered to have cheap quality like Wal-Mart; therefore IKEA had to use a lot of advertising to put the simple message across that the quality was not compromised in the deal. They did so by hosting customer parties, sending free samples, giving huge discounts and maintaining a happy customer care service. This increased their goodwill. They also took active participation in local events and helped the community, increasing their goodwill and sales. IKEA believed in constant innovation which is one of the reasons for its strong presence. It comes up with furniture pieces that are classic and as well as new. This adds to its brand presence along with rotation of furniture so that the customers are never viewing the same thing each time they visit. Another strategy that IKEA came out with was to keep huge inventories in its stores. This would mean more space and more wastage as well as high inventory management costs however compared to the costs of maintaining the stores, the predicted sales were higher. This made them even more famous because they were the only store which was capable of holding huge inventories allowing customers to buy any product by jus t entering the store. They managed to do so by holding flat line products. These products would them have to be assembled by the customer hence they were made in an easy to assemble manner. By holding flat ling products, the organization could store millions of product. These strategies enabled them to increase their market share (Ikea Components is Setting practical Business Targets, 2011). COST ANALYSIS OF CURRENT OPERATIONS IKEA is a privately held organization. It has seen an increase in costs over the last couple of years and is struggling to survive given the recent global recession and low sales turnover. Although its new and innovative strategies have increased sales and helped them earn profits, the margin of profits and the sales turnover has decreased along with increase in the cost of raw materials and operations. An increase in sales from Euro 21534 million in 2008 to a Euro 21846 million in 2009 is considered slow however considering the marking conditions, it is above its peers. IKEA needs to find more ways to cut costs in order to generate healthier results. It has started doing so by creating solar powered lamps etc and using solar power and saving on electricity. Its costs increased from Euro 7078 million in 2008 to Euro 7198 million in 2009. Reducing its costs will also be another challenging for the organization (Process Analysis Model, n.d.) OPERATION MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN PRODUCT DESIGN OPERATIONS IKEA is strongly linked to its product and organization design. The process from which production starts until it reaches the stores and makes sales is very commendable for an international giant like IKEA. Although the operation process has been commendable there are still a few loopholes in the process. The main problem concerning IKEA is its inventory storage. Warehousing costs are on the high. The organization cannot afford to store thousands of products for each different store. This would not only mean high cost of storage but also wastages in products. Once the product gets old, it needs to be replaced by other more innovative products. This makes the lifecycle of the furniture short and increases the wastages that the organization will have to incur. Currently IKEA ships the unwanted goods to other stores where it might have a high demand however this not only adds to the risks of no sale but also increases the cost of shipping. Since it produces flat line furniture, the place taken up is not a lot but the store has expanded into all departments of housing and office furniture hence has to bear a high cost of storage. A good option available to the organization is to display goods in the store and ship the goods later to the customers through mail. This would help in preventing storage costs, cost to keep inventory management and save on any kind of wastages. The organization can also concentrate on re using the unsold furniture into other products. Since the organization owns its own production company, it can re use the unsold pieces of furniture and make other innovative products. Currently it does not pay too much attention into re using and re cycling however if it wants to keep costs low it needs to consider this alternativ e (SWOT Analysis and Sustainable Business Planning, 2011). Another Operation management issue with IKEA is that the organization is extremely large. It not only needs to concentrate on maintaining the current stores but also on expansion into other countries. IKEAs expansion into India and other developing countries is on the hold. It has been extremely conservative in its approach to expansion and trying to be overly cautious. A good example is its indecision over opening stores in China. Once the company decided that China would be a good market, its management was scared to take the risk of entering a market where consumers were traditional and other furniture retails offered cheaper products. However, the expansion went very well and China has been a very good turnover for the organization. The government too was pleased with IKEA. Hence IKEAs management needs to take more risks and consider global expansion while maintaining the quality of products and service given and lowering costs. By using process model analysis on the organizations approach to its day to day operations, the following flow chart was developed. A process flow chart is required in order to recreate the design of the organization and understand the process in a simplified manner. The flow chart contains these symbols and meaning: Flowchart The above flowchart shows that there is a lot of time that is wasted in the transportation of the goods as well as in inspection of the products. Waste recovery has not been given a lot of attention as required and time spent on planning needs to be increased in order to develop products that lead the furniture market. Analysis models using classifier analysis, location analysis, cost and duration analysis and resource analysis have shown that the organization has been using all possible forms of increasing business however there is more scope and a lot it can do to improve its current standards. It does not utilize its resources like space for storage, marketing for customers and training employees for better customer satisfaction and higher sales. It is very conservative in its approach to location and store openings and production company locations. It needs to get more aggressive in order to build a stronger more stable and more profitable brand. The overall design of the organization is excellent with importance given on lowering costs; the only problems are inventory management and cautious expansion. MODULE 2 QUALITY MANAGEMENT IKEAs simple business strategy of low prices has created a lot of trouble for the organization. By lowering prices, the quality of products offered lowered and although the organization has been thriving to maintain its quality it has sometimes been unable to meet international standards. The products are also a little below quality but their quest for lowering prices has also affected their quality of service offered. Customer care does not get proper attention and the workers do not have the time or resources for proper international training (Levine, 2010). The organization is barely scrapping through with the quality required which has adversely affected the business. The sales have gone down and prospective sales from elite consumers have seen a sharp decline. Another noticing factor on quality management is the advertising campaigns that the organization holds. They are unable to research well on the market because of being very cost conscious and have therefore missed out on their target customers in their marketing plan. Because IKEA is an international brand, it not only has to consider international policies but in order to do well in the host country, the organization also needs to pay special attention to the customs and traditions of the host country. It has been failing to do so correctly resulting in profits dwindling below expectations in certain regions and countries like the United States (Levine, 2010). IKEA is a privately held organization, hence information on IKEA is difficult to attain. IKEA follows a very difficult return service with delays and sometimes refusal to take back the goods purchased by consumers. This reflects back on their credibility and goodwill. For any organization that works directly with customers, service needs to be impeccable especially for an international organization like IKEA however IKEA has not been very good with its quality management approach. The organization has however taken a lot of steps to maintain its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and taken many steps to make a difference in the host country. IKEA can take many steps to improve quality. The organization can adopt TQM (Total Quality Management) in its operations in order to ensure quality. It needs to spend money on its processes however the returns it could possibly earn are potentially higher than the costs. The organization needs to adopt a six sigma approach to management and strategically increase the quality of products and service provided. This should increase collectively in all the stores. It has been seen that most of the sales come from EU nations which makes up of about 50% of its sales with only 5% coming from North America. This is a potentially untapped market and IKEA needs to improve quality and assure the consumers of its products and quality so as to increase its potential in not only the markets it already has a presence in but also the markets in which it plans to open stores. IKEA can use the theories for quality improvement in order to manage the quality. Management stresses on the following important principles and theories for quality improvement that IKEA can use to its advantage. 1. Develop customer focus in each step of the process and train employees to provide the best customer satisfaction. IKEA depends on its consumers and it needs to prove to the consumers that they can depend on IKEA as well. Customer focus is very important internally as well as externally in the workings of the organization. 2. Leadership. The international size of the organization makes it difficult for them to manage and lead the process. Leadership is required for each different store and all the leaders need to have a similar set of rules, aims and objectives. This can be done by training each leader of the store together. With the values that needs to be used in the organization. 3. Process based quality management. One theory of quality management states that if each process in the organization deals with the optimum use of resources and time, the overall outlook of the organization will be much different. 4. Decision making approach of the organization needs to change. The management needs to realize that they can no longer be over cautious in their approach if they want to gather all the market share and potential sales if they continue being conservative. They need information that is correct and they need to work slowly because of their mere size but they also need to take an aggressive role in this slow recession filled economy in order to survive and compete. 5. Continual improvement in quality. Quality management is not a onetime approach, the organization has to imbibe it into its day to day workings, control the quality and give feedback on the improvements done. The constant feedbacks would be supplied along with the advantages that the organization achieved due to the process of quality management. IKEA can also use the Crosby theory of quality management which stresses on zero errors, prevention of errors, quality being an adherence to requirement and quality as being a price paid for non conformity. It sets goals for lower period of days so that the results would show, it requires total commitment from the upper management, encouragement to the employees, training given accordingly, creating incentives for high sales, determining the costs for quality etc. TASK 3 IKEA being the world’s leading furniture retailer does not utilize its capacity or use capacity management to its advantage. It uses Data Core Virtual Storage Solutions globally considering its size. The new version uses auto provisioning which is allocation of products to its demand, auto failover which is mirroring and using high availability in its products and snapshot functions which means creating backup for all the information that is feed from all its stores worldwide. The software is the latest and expected to improve the management of inventory. Before the implantation of the software, IKEA struggled with its supply chain management. It sometimes had over supplied products and sometimes there was a lag in products which diminished demand. Since it is not an internet based supplier, it needs to keep a good amount of product as reserves. It needs to create a balance between oversupply and under supply so as to reduce wastages. IKEA has tried to take advantage of the te chnological improvements to sort out its supply chain management. The organization had earlier used JDA system in 2006 to solve its problems in supply chain management (IKEA Services, 2011). For an organization like IKEA the primary concern in capacity management are as follows: 1. It needs a technology that can forecast with a great level of accuracy based on past results and future market environment the market demand and supply movements. This forecasting accuracy will help the organization improve its functions and save millions of dollars in shipping, storage and recycling. 2. It needs an approach that improves the sales forecasts and predicts consumer behavior. The predictions need to be translated into sales figures so that the organization can plan on expansion and innovation. All the departments in the organization are interrelated and using capacity management to its highest level could help create more potential from the other departments as well. 3. Another area where IKEA needs to focus on is the anticipation of problems before they occur. A large organization is prone to have problems in its supply chain management and capacity management however if it is in a position to predict the changes and challenges well ahead of time, it can be better prepared for the threat or even to a certain extent help prevent it. This is an integral part of management function through which the organization can gain further market share and capital. 4. Transportation and logistics methods need to be simplified with each consignment being traceable so that the management can better predict the product whereabouts and avoid loss in transportation. With the rise in fuel costs the management needs to carefully lay out its supply chain management as well as logistics problems. With over 12000 products and 250 stores in 30 countries the organization needs better capacity management solutions (Supply Chain Management, 2006). IKEA store layout is in the form of a maze. The consumers need to walk through different custom rooms build to give them an idea of the product they might like. The stores are therefore multi layered with additional space given for storage. This has proven to be a good thing because this marketing strategy makes the customers view all the products and increases sales. It does however have the following disadvantages: It wastes a lot of its store space It confuses the customers who find it difficult to return to the product they liked before It irritates consumers who are looking for a particular product and have to go through the entire store for it and it wastes a lot of time which consumers do not prefer. However, this marketing strategy is important but it can be improved upon to avoid the above hindrance.   There are many other store formats that the organization can select from instead of its free flow layout. An image of the store layouts is mentioned below. Therefore IKEA can select a grid layout or a spine layout to avoid confusion. Having different layout on each store can also be helpful and avoid any wastage of space. Since the organization has 20000 products they need to be displayed in an arranged format with utmost importance given to layout so that they appear attractive for the customers to buy. The lighting also should be set up in a way that enhances the qualities of the products. The benefits of having a store layout are that it helps the customers organize their wants. It has been proven in countless studies that a good display of the products makes the customers more inclined to buy the products. This means that a layout can make or break a sale hence needs attention from the upper management (Waters, 2011). CONCLUSION IKEA has a great future ahead. It needs to take an aggressive role in this market because its sales are now stagnant and costs are on a rise. It has used the best method for inventory management along with supply chain management it can further expand its dominance over the other furniture retailers by becoming a public company instead of staying private and add additional funds to its disposal. The has been orthodox and conservative in its approach to management so far but it needs to change its policies into being more innovative not only in the products it makes but also in the strategies it follows. The company has great potential and a business plan that matches no other organization in the world. It size and its success by far have been commendable. It company also needs to change into being more web based which would reduce the cost of transportation and logistics. It has a lot of potential and a goodwill that precedes every country it decides to open a store in, however marketing is also an important feature IKEA needs to look into. Its current marketing strategies were effective in an expanding economy where people where ready to spend however in this current recession the only way IKEA can make more sales is through advertising its fundamental business objective; low cost. It needs to cash into the recession and increase sales by lowering prices and making its products quality checked. IKEA also has a lot of improvement to do in the customer care area where it is lacking behind due to its policy to lower costs. The organization needs to train its employee so that they are more efficient and better equipped to make a sale. To conclude I would like to add that IKEA has great potential not only in its existing countries but other countries where it does not have any stores. It needs to tap into the sales before some other organization does. BIBLIOGRAPHY 10 Keys to IKEA’s Low Prices. (2009). Personalizing the IKEA experience. [Online] ikeafans.com/ikea/ikea-why-ikea/10-keys-to-ikeas-low-prices.html [last accessed April 02, 2011] Ikea Components is Setting practical Business Targets. (2011). Business Management. [Online] bme.eu.com/article/Ikea-Components-is-setting-practical-business-targets/ [last accessed April 02, 2011] IKEA Services. (2011). IKEA. [Online] prnewswire.com/news-releases/ikeathe-worlds-leading-home-furnishings-retailerdeploys-datacore-virtual-storage-solutions-globally-55257702.html [last accessed April 02, 2011] Ikea: How the Swedish retailer became a global cult brand. (2005). BusinessWeek. [Online] businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_46/b3959001.htm [last accessed April 02, 2011] Levine, R.R. (2010). Theories in total quality management. [Online] brighthub.com/office/project-management/articles/72443.aspx [last accessed April 02, 2011] Process Analysis Model. (n.d.). IBM. [Online] http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/dmndhelp/v6rxmx/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.btools.help.modeler.doc/doc/concepts/analysis/processmodelanalysis.html   [last accessed April 02, 2011] Supply Chain Management. (2006). Ikea revamps supply chain strategy with JDA. [Online] logisticsit.com/absolutenm/templates/article-supplychain.aspx?articleid=2544zoneid=5   [last accessed April 02, 2011] SWOT Analysis and Sustainable Business Planning. (2011). The Times 100. [Online] thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyswot-analysis-and-sustainable-business-planning110-368-5.php [last accessed April 02, 2011] Waters, S. (2011). Types of store layouts. [Online] http://retail.about.com/od/storedesign/ss/store_layouts.htm [last accessed April 02, 2011]